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However, as shown by GWR model and in line with recent reviews, the relationship between malaria and environmental factors in South Sumatra strongly varied spatially in different regions. The independent variables altitude, distance from forest, and rainfall in global OLS were significantly associated with malaria cases. The importance of different environmental and geographic parameters for malaria was shown at global and village-level in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The global pattern and spatial variability of associations between malaria cases and the selected potential ecological predictors was explored. Six potential ecological predictors of malaria cases were analysed in the different regions using ordinary least square (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR). The cases were spread over 436 out of 1613 villages. The number of confirmed malaria cases was analysed for the year 2013 from the routine reporting of the Provincial Health Office of South Sumatra. This study aimed to investigate the spatial association between malaria occurrence and environmental risk factors. Malaria, a parasitic infection, is a life-threatening disease in South Sumatra Province, Indonesia.